Sonography Guided Percutaneous Nephrostomy: Success Rates According to the Grade of the Hydronephrosis

placement was initially described by Goodwin in 1955 (1). Its main indication is drainage of the obstructed collecting system (2). PCN is a procedure that is preferred for its low mortality and complication rates and for not requiring general anesthesia (2). While selection of the initial needle puncture site and entrance to the pelvicalyceal system (PCS) is generaly done with ultrasonography (US) guidance, fluoroscopy has been preferred for guide wire and catheter manipulations (3). PCN with only US guidance has been reported in pregnant women and children to avoid radiation exposure (4-7).